William Shakespeare Essays (2075 words) - Kings Men,

William Shakespeare WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE William Shakespeare was a family man; he was a poet and a lasting literary figure. He is considered to be the most fascinating Elizabethan dramatist due to his writings and versatile life. Shakespeare's career has endured for centuries. He is one of the most studied authors of all time (Zender 22). Shakespeare did not attend a university, yet he created 144 poems and many plays, which are considered to be literary works of art. His writings in comedies and tragedies show his talent is unbounded. William Shakespear's popularity must have extended beyond his own expectations as it touches people even today (Zender 23). William Shakespeare was born in the year of 1564 and died in 1616. His education consisted mostly of Latin studies- learning to read, write, and speak the language fairly well and studying some of the classical historians and poets. A bond, dated November 28, 1582, was executed by two men of Stratford as a security to the bishop for the issue of a lic ense for marriage between Williams Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway of Stratford. One year later, a daughter named Susanna was born on May 26, 1583. On February 2,1585 twins were born Hamlet and Judith. Shakespeare's only son-died eleven years later (Groiler 1991). How Shakespeare spent the next eight years or so science 1585, until his name begins to appear in London Theater records, is not known. There are stories of stealing deer and getting into trouble with a local magistrate, of earning a living as a school master in the country, of going to London and gaining entry into the world of theater by minding horses of theater- goers. In the light of evidence, exploits of Shakespeare's life cannot be proved or dismissed. Shakespeare has often been viewed from the internal evidence of his writings. However, this method is unsatisfactory. One cannot conclude, for example from allusions to the law that Shakespeare was a lawyer, although he clearly was a writer who without difficulty could get whatever legal knowledge needed for the composition of his works. It is not clear how his career in the theater began; but from about 1594 onward, he was an important member of Lord Chamberlain's company of players, called the King's Men after the accession of King James I in 1603. The company had the best actor, Richard Burbage; they had the best theater, the Globe; and the best dramatist, Shakespeare. It is no wonder that the company prospered.Shakespeare became a full-time professional man of this own theatre, sharing in a cooperative enterprise and intimately concerned with the financial success of the plays he wrote (Groiler 1991). Shakespeare's will, made on March 25, 1616, is a long and detailed document. It included quite extensive properties to the male heirs of his elder daughter, Susanna. As an afterthought, Shakespeare bequeathed his second best bed to his wife, but no one can be certain what this notorious legacy means. The signature to the will was apparently in sh aky hands. Perhaps Shakespeare was already ill. He died on April 23, 1616. No name was inscribed on his gravestone. Within a few years a monument was erected. Its epitaph, written in Latin and inscribed immediately below the bust, attributes to Shakespeare the worldly wisdom of Nestor, the genius of Socrates, and the poetic art of Virgil (Groiler 1991). Shakespeare lived in a time when ideas and social structures established in the Middle Ages still influenced man's thoughts and behavior. Queen Elizabeth was a firm believer in divine power of the crown. She thought herself God's deputy on earth, lords and commoners had their dueplace in society under her, with responsibilities up through her to God and down to those of more humble rank. The order of things did not go unquestioned. Atheism was still considered a challenge to beliefs and way of life of a majority of Elizabethans, but the Christian faith was no longer the single religion, with expansion of the Anglican Church and the g rowing power of the Puritans. Commoners were becoming more literate and could read the scriptures for themselves. In philosophical inquiry, the question how became the impulse for advance, rather than traditional why of Aristotle (Davidow 42).

International Monetary Fund essays

International Monetary Fund essays The International Monetary Fund is an important function that makes world trade less strenuous. The International Monetary Fund, or IMF as it is called, provides support and supervision to nations in all stages of economic progress. International trade is a key element to enable nations, large and small, to strengthen their economic positions. Larger nations need the international market to export their goods and services, and smaller nations also need this world scale market to import products so they are able to produce more efficiently. In order to achieve these goals, one major component must be in place. The ability to value other nation's currency. Throughout the years, many different ways have been used to do this, mostly ending in failure. There is no perfect way to accurately measure the true value of another country's currency. The International Monetary Fund is an effort to see each country's economic position, offer suggestions, and provide the fundamental economic securi ty that is essential to a thriving world economy. Many of the domestic economic goals are reiterated by the INF on an international level. To understand the current INF we will investigate the events leading up to its existence. Between 1879 and 1934 major nations used a method of international exchange known as the Gold Standard. The Gold Standard was simply a fixed-rate system. The rate was fixed to gold. In order for this system to function properly three things had to happen. First, each nation had to define its currency to gold (this definition then could not change). Second, each nation must than maintain a fixed relationship to its supply of money and its amount of actual gold. Third, the on-hand gold must be allowed to be exchanged freely between any nations throughout the world. With all of those policies successfully in place, the exchange rates of the participating countries would then be fixed to gold, therefore to each other. To successfully ma...

Music Cultures & Marketing Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Music Cultures & Marketing Principles - Essay Example Presently, digital media is a mass source in context of production, consumption and distribution of music. The growing competition in the entertainment industry has resulted in a greater demand for strong marketing strategy so that the industry is protected from piracy and distribution is not hampered in the process. The music industry can be classified in two sectors: music recording and musical events (Vaccaro and Cohn, 2004). The paper focuses on discussing various components of marketing mix that has positive impact on the industry as a whole. Music industry is primarily defined by the creation and selling of music by an individual or by certain company. The recording industry is one of the primary sources of income in the music and entertainment industry. There are a number of individuals who operate within the music industry namely, music composer, lyricists, instrumentalists, music publishers, producers, sound engineers and legal managers. The functions in the recording industry do not end with just creation of music; it is rather the first step which is followed by several other steps such as giving the music shape of commodity in the form of CDs, DVDs and soft copies, marketing and promoting the recorded sound and selling the same at a pre-decided price (Hull, Hutchison and Strasser, 2011). Rapid evolution of interactive marketing methods and online distribution channels, following ongoing marketing trends may not prove sufficient for recording companies. The companies need to focus developing marketing strategy for the future while considering current trends as the base. Two important measures that these companies require adopting include legalisation of the music they produce so as to gain control and undertake measure to compete with piracy as going by the trend, it is almost impossible for even legal institutions to stop piracy. In the following section, each element of marketing mix has been discussed elaborately that record

Management and the Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management and the Global Economy - Essay Example Such companies are Ericsson, Honda and Chiquita among others. This paper looks into the above companies and offers light in respect to their strategies that have seen them conquer their respective lines of operation. Significance of Technology/ Ethics/ Culture in International Business Management Facebook is a widely used social site which attracts people who are mostly between 18-30 years. Its strengths include the wide fan base that currently stands at slightly over 600 million. It is partly owned by Mark Zuckerberg and Microsoft which bought minority shares worth $240 million in 2007. The company has reformed over time by upgrading its site to suit the changing customer needs as well as to outwit competitors. Fans are able to post and share videos and photos with their friends, send messages, chat online among other unique and new features. It has however been criticized for not regularly updating the fan page. According to Latham (2011) Facebook should take advantage of the onlin e advertisement boom to increase on revenue base and popularity. The company has also faced many legal battles and political interference for example the recent case where classmates of the founder wanted to be cashing more from the company claiming to have co-founded the company. Football or soccer has a peculiar popularity which is part of culture in Europe and United Kingdom to be precise. Manchester United is one club that has a wide following not only in UK but in the whole world. The club has a fan base that comprises of five percent of the global population. Manchester United Plc. has taken advantage of this by expanding its revenues sources to Asia, Africa and Latin America through sales of club’s merchandise like jerseys and magazines as stated by ESPN. The club is currently owned by the Grazer family from United States which controls seventy percent stake. The club’s financial status has not been appealing due to high expenses and less-than-matching revenues. The company takes advantage of their website to sell merchandise. Its Grazer takeover wrangles have attracted attention for a long time coupled with poor financial performance and massive debt. The strong brand name and its multinational approach are its important strengths. Although competition is intense from arsenal, Chelsea and Liverpool, Manchester has many opportunities to capture a wider market and fan base. Operating within ethical standards by companies draws mixed reactions as this is more of a subjective issue. That which one party may regard as ethical is totally the opposite for another. This is well illustrated by Chiquita Brands Int. where at some point it has been involved in both ethical and unethical practices. Examples of ethical practices include building schools and health facilities for its workers and their families. It also returned land to Central Americans and later funded relief efforts after the 1972 earthquake. Unethical ones include being involved in c orruption with the Costa Rica’s government, assisting CIA to topple Guatemala government, helped in the attack of Cuba in early 1960s and many others as stated in Chiquita Brands Int. Case Study. The company has had a huge influence on the political landscape in South America which has ultimately affected its image negatively acting as its weakness. It has also been good in breaking laws

Urban Consolidation and Environmental Sustainability Essay Example for Free

Urban Consolidation and Environmental Sustainability Essay Urban consolidation is a rising issue in amny capital cities and could have a dramatic effect on the environmental sustainability of Australian cities in the near and distant future. â€Å"Urban consolidation policies concentrate on increasing housing densities in the large cities to produce more compact development, shorter travel distances and less dependence on automobiles. † (Forster 2004, p. 171). Some of the main negative issues that is caused by urban consolidation are a drop in value of pre-existing suburban housing, an overload of public resources in over-crowded cities and traffic and transport inconviences. There are many benefits to urban consolidation which involve lower short term envirnomental impacts and high levels of convience, but at the same time there are many disadvantages which are discussed in this essay. The policies of urban consolidation are surrounded by the idea of building large cities upwards, rather than outwards. This means that they are focussing on constructing multi-story facilities close to the centre of the cities. â€Å"more compact development would reduce the rate at which urban expansions consumes good agricultral land and threatens sensitive natural environments† (Forster 2004, p. 71). Existing housing urban housing and facilities must be demolished to make way for new high rise structures. This indicates that for many australians who have worked hard to buy/own their own home in the inner suberbs of major cities, it will be a struggle for them, due to the fact that their house/dwelling or property will decrease in value. As the population increases, the total of vehicles increases aswell. â€Å"In 1945 there were 100 cars per 1000 people, by 1970 there were almost 500 cars per 1000 people†(Forster 2004, p. 17), this will cause traffic congestion within the cities. As a result of traffic congestion, pollution levels will increase. This will negatively affect peoples health and well being. Along with the inconviences of urban consolidation on the everyday lifestyle, health issues can also be inflated. Childhood obesity is more likely to occur in children that were raised in areas of urban consolidation rather than a child raised in a suburban area, â€Å"urban sprawl communities separate people’s homes from stores, offices, services and restaurants. This makes it nearly impossible for people to carry out their errands, sporting activities or go to work without using their car†(Lopez 2004). This is largly due to the fact that children raised in urban consolidation generally have little access to large parks and playgrounds and would have to go out of their way to be highly active on a regular basis, where as children in suburban areas have access to these large parks and outdoor play areas. There can be many negatives with living in an urban consolidated area which can be an overcrowding in kindergarden and schools, lengthy waiting lists to seek medical attention and a possible need to travel further distances to get to bigger and better-equipped shopping districts. These needs negate the value of urban consolidation in that if many people will still be required to travel moderate or lengthy distances to access facilities then they would be better off to live further into the suberbs where the shops/facilities are well equipped. In conclusion, the policies of urban consolidation would be highly beneficial and have great outcomes in all major Australian cities if the preceding measures were taken care of prior or at the same time to taking action against urban sprawl. Although there are some positives to urban consolidation, such as lower automobile dependance and increased convinience, the many negatives outweigh them. In the long term the policies of urban consolidation may benefit some major cities in australia, but given the current situation in which many cities are not developing at the same rate as urban consolidation is affecting them, it stands that urban consolidation is not the answer to environmental sustainability for Australian cities.

Cloning :: essays research papers

Millions of people. They all look alike, think alike, and dress alike. Sounds like something out of a sci-fi novel, right? Well, with cloning it’s possible, maybe. They will look alike, but that’s about it. Cloning will help the world, not make it the same. Three pros to cloning are that cloning may hold the secret to eternal youth, the research of genes has changed the thinking of scientists, and that parents would be able to have a child who looks exactly like a model, movie star, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, cloning could lead to the discovery of the secret to eternal youth. If anyone had a chance to live forever, they would take it. If anyone could have a child who could live forever, they would do it. Cloning may be the answer to eternal youth. â€Å"He said the creation of transgenetic animals could be an important tool in ... ultimately stopping -- the aging process.† Becoming immortal is not the only plus to cloning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, the research of cloning has helped scientists become aware of the way genes operate. With continuous research into the ways of cloning scientists could come to understand the ways cells and genes work. As the information grows we will be able to get rid of genetic diseases and defects. â€Å"As geneticists have come to understand the ways in which genes operate, they have also become aware of the myriad ways in which the environment affects their ‘expression.’† In the future people will be able to decide what their child will look like and what kind of base intelligence the child will have, but they will not be able to decide the child’s fate. For the people who want to control what their children will look like, there is the possibility of cloning a famous person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, parents will be able to clone a model’s appearance so that their child looks exactly like the person. This would get rid of a feeling of not being beautiful and would allow people to worry about more important things than what other people think a bout them. â€Å"Suppose a couple wants a ‘designer child’ - a clone of Cindy Crawford or Elizabeth Taylor -- because they want a daughter who will grow up to be as attractive as those women.† This would be possible because of the fact that the child would not think or act like the person they were cloned from, they would only look the same.

Analysis of Arthur Young’s Travels in France

DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT, HISTORY AND JUSTICE CAMPBELL UNIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF ARTHUR YOUNG’S TRAVELS IN FRANCE BY DANIELLE KING Submitted to Professor Ocana in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Western Civilization 112 November 3, 2010 Arthur Young was born on September 11, 1741 in Bradfield, a village in Suffolk, England. After he dropped out of school and acquired a job in a mercantile house, for which he was not suited for, Young began his writing career at the age of seventeen. He was much more inclined to write than work in a more commercial capacity as he later became a great English agriculture writer.Although Young was such a fantastic agriculture writer he is most known for his social and political writings. Young was not very successful with the land from the start; however, after inheriting the land around his home after the death of his mother and through a series of failed farming attempts elsewhere in England, he began to learn quite a lot about agricul ture. From this point Young began to write several books and journals about agriculture in and around England and his popularity grew tremendously. After having made quite a name for himself in the world of agriculture, Young began to travel outside of England.Young first went to Ireland in 1776 and published his findings there four years later with Tour in Ireland. Young’s most popular excursion was to France, which he first visited in 1787. Young explored the country in great detail learning a good deal from the people and the land. Young meticulously documented the condition of the soil and other agricultural data as well as his opinions as to the political and social reasons for Frances’ agricultural failure. This information was published in 1792 split into two volumes titled Travels in France.The reason this work was so important then and still important today is because Young gives a remarkable account of the social, economic, and political problems and struggle s leading up to and just after the beginning of the French Revolution. During the section of Travels in France that discussed his thoughts on the French Revolution, Young was enraged by much of what he saw. The issues that seemed to frustrate Young the most were unequal taxes, harsh penal codes, and a lack of justice in the court system. The first major dilemma Young discusses is a system of unequal taxes.He begins by giving the reader an understanding of how the kingdom was organized. Young says that the kingdom was broken into generalities with an intendant appointed to govern them. The generalities were broken down further into elections which were governed by â€Å"sub-de-legue†; this position was appointed by the intendant. Needless to say, the intendant held a vast amount of power particularly with regards to taxation. According to Young these intendants could â€Å"exempt, change, add, or diminish† taxes on a whim. (Young) With this type of control it is easy to see why befriending the intendant might be advantageous.It was known that the friends and family, even very distant relatives could benefit financially from a connection to the intendant. Naturally people without this connection were very upset as, since taxes still had to be paid to the kingdom, they were the ones to shoulder this financial burden. There were exemptions allowed for the intendants, sub-de-legues, nobility, clergy, and the friends and family of these people. The poor of the kingdom felt as though the people with the most economic resources were exempted from paying taxes because they were fortunate enough to have those resources.The second issue Young uncovers while traveling in Frances is the kingdoms’ unequal and unfairly harsh penal code. Young uses, as an example, the laws for salt smugglers. Taken from his Travels in France were eight extremely strict regulations covering the offenders accused of smuggling salt. The first law mentioned says that if five or more armed salt smugglers are gathered together in Provence they will be fined and spend nine years in jail. If these same people were anywhere else in the kingdom they would be put to death.The next law says that if less than five but more than one armed smugglers are gathered together they get a second chance. The first time they are caught meeting, they will be fined and sentenced to three years in jail. The second time they will be killed. The third rule discusses unarmed smugglers that have some sort of transportation to move the salt. This could be in the way of animals and or carts while traveling on land or a boat if the smuggler is on the water. At this point the punishments become slightly less severe with the first offence being only the fine of the previous law without the time in jail.However, if that fine is not paid then the same three years time will be served. With this law as well, the smuggler would have a second chance although the second offence carried a muc h stiffer penalty. In most of the kingdom a heaver fine was required as well as nine years jail time. In Provence, a smuggler could expect to go to jail for five years without the fine. In Dauphine, however, the second offence would take away a smuggler’s freedom for the rest of his life. The next law covers unarmed smugglers without transportation.This is the least severe of the punishments for males having only a small fine for the first offence. If the smuggler does not have the money to pay the fine they are flogged and branded. The second time they are caught is not much worse with a fine and six years jail time. The fifth law sets the punishments for women; it is very interesting that are given three chances and not given jail time for either offence. The first time they are sentenced with a very small fine and the second time a slightly larger fine. The husband is responsible for the fine. The third time they are flogged and permanently put out of the kingdom.The next law says that the child smugglers are treated the same as the women with both parents held liable for the fine. After the common people of the kingdom, the nobles are mentioned. If nobles are caught, their titles and estates are taken away from them. No fine or jail time is necessary for the same crime that common people could be put to death for. The last law in this excerpt discusses what Young thinks is the salt or revenue employee that smuggles on the side. This person would be sentenced to death. If this employee steals or transports the stolen salt they would be hung.This is the only law listed that describes a particular kind of death showing how important they felt this crime was. The final major issue Arthur Young found with the French during his journey through the kingdom was with the lack of justice in the court system. In his words the justice that was administered was â€Å"partial†, â€Å"venal†, and â€Å"infamous†. (Young) He goes on to say that after conversing with numerous men in several different areas around France all of them felt as if the legal system needed serious reform, as equal justice under the law was completely impossible due to widespread corruption.Young found that as two parties stood before the judge the winner of the dispute would be whichever party could bribe the judge more. Shockingly, this bribe did not always have to be monetary; it could also be the â€Å"beauty of a handsome wife† (Young) The only way justice would be served was if two conditions were both meet; neither party could have any connection to the judge (or anyone else in power) and neither party could have something of value to offer the judge, be it money, land, or women.If either of these conditions was not met, the party that knew the judge or had the available resources would be victorious. Furthermore, the judges had the authority to originate decrees. Not surprisingly, they did this without the permission of the King. As it turns out, these â€Å"parliaments† had configured a judicial system where they made the laws and then turned around and punished people for breaking these laws. Young had uncovered what he described as â€Å"a horrible system of tyranny†.Young’s main points of unbalanced taxes, unforgiving penal codes, and the deceitful legal system help to bring into focus his feelings of why the French were doomed for a revolution. He does a wonderful job of really capturing the feeling of the typical Frenchmen at the time. Although he arrived in the kingdom to evaluate the conditions of the soil and other aspects of the farming environment, he seemed to leave with a thorough understanding of French society in the late 1780’s. The only bias shown in the piece might be in that Young only makes note of the thoughts, fears, and complaints of the working class citizens.From the reading, it is difficult to get a sense of how the people in power felt about day-to-day lif e. Because of this one-sided account, any reader would automatically find themselves cheering for the â€Å"little people† and suppressing a growing detestation for persons of authority. The principle value of Arthur Young’s Travels in France is that the people of this day and age studying the French Revolution have an excellent report of some of the events leading up to it. Young goes deeper into the major concerns of the day than the average textbook can.The reader truly gets the opportunity to feel the pain of the local townspeople. Textbooks try to hit the highlights of history, which sticks mainly to important kings and key politicians, where in pieces like Young’s, readers get to understand the plight of the average Joe. Bibliography Stead, David. Arthur Young. EH. Net Encyclopedia 2003. http://eh. net /encyclopedia/article/stead. young Young, Arthur. Arthur Young’s Travels in France During the Years 1787, 1788, 1789. London: George Bell and Sons, 1 909.